Mujeres andinas: actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de eventos ginecológicos / Andean women: Attitudes towards the use of plants for the treatment of gynecological Events

Introducción: Las enfermedades a menudo constituyen alteraciones fisiológicas que requieren acciones inminentes según su gravedad, ante ello, las mujeres andinas ponen en práctica sus conocimientos y actitudes ancestrales a fin de resolverlas, por ser el medio más inmediato. Objetivo: Interpretar las actitudes en el uso de plantas para el tratamiento de algunos eventos ginecológicos, de las mujeres andinas procedentes de la provincia de Hualgayoc, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, de diseño fenomenológico ­ hermenéutico, desarrollado con 16 mujeres andinas, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, en base a una guía de entrevista con validez de contenido óptima. Los resultados emergieron a partir de la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva y se presentan organizados en subcategorías y categorías. Resultados: Las categorías obtenidas fueron las actitudes favorables hacia la utilización de plantas y las situaciones ginecológicas para su uso, entre las subcategorías están: complacencia por los efectos alcanzados, seguridad para continuar usándolas, aptitud para aconsejar su uso, saberes sobre sus acciones terapéuticas, eventos para su utilización y formas de preparación de las plantas. Discusión: Diversos estudios internacionales convergen en actitudes similares, que se manifiestan en una mayor confianza en la medicina tradicional, conductas favorables de aceptación, convicción en sus efectos, proyección anímica de mejora y disposición para continuar con su uso. Conclusión: Las mujeres mostraron su satisfacción por los resultados obtenidos con el uso de plantas medicinales, al ser beneficiosas, oriundas de su zona y no generar gasto, su uso frecuente fue para paliar dolores durante la menstruación, infecciones de la vagina y trabajo de parto

Introduction: Diseases often represent physiological changes that require immediate action depending on the severity. Faced with these changes, Andean women put into practice their ancestral knowledge and attitudes to find a solution, as they are the most immediate means at their disposal. Objective: To interpret the attitudes of Andean women in the province of Hualgayoc, Peru, towards using plants for treating some gynecological events. Materials and Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, hermeneutic phenomenological design study was conducted with 16 Andean women through a semi-structured interview based on an interview guide with optimal content validity. The results emerged from open, axial, and selective coding and were organized into subcategories and categories. Results: The categories obtained were favorable attitudes towards using plants and gynecological situations for using plants. The subcategories include satisfaction with the results achieved, safety to continue using plants, aptitude to advise on the use of plants, knowledge of plant's therapeutic effects, events for using plants, and methods of preparing them. Discussion: Several international studies converge on similar attitudes, manifested in greater trust in traditional medicine, favorable acceptance behavior, belief in its effects, a mental projection of getting well, and willingness to continue its use. Conclusion: The women were satisfied with the results obtained from the use of medicinal plants because they were beneficial, indigenous to their region, and did not involve any expense. The frequent use of plants was to alleviate pain during menstruation, vaginal infections, and labor.

Introdução: As doenças frequentemente constituem alterações fisiológicas que requerem ações iminentes de acordo com sua gravidade, diante disso, as mulheres andinas colocam em prática seus conhecimentos e atitudes ancestrais para resolvê-las, pois este é o meio mais imediato. Objetivo: Interpretar as atitudes das mulheres andinas da província de Hualgayoc, Peru, em relação ao uso de plantas para o tratamento de alguns eventos ginecológicos. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, fenomenológico-hermenêutico, desenvolvido com 16 mulheres andinas, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, baseada em um guia de entrevista com validade de conteúdo ideal. Os resultados emergiram de uma codificação aberta, axial e seletiva e são apresentados organizados em subcategorias e categorias. Resultados: As categorias obtidas foram atitudes favoráveis ao uso de plantas e situações ginecológicas para seu uso, entre as subcategorias estão: satisfação com os efeitos alcançados, segurança para continuar usando-as, aptidão para aconselhar seu uso, conhecimento sobre suas ações terapêuticas, eventos para seu uso e formas de preparar as plantas. Discussão: Vários estudos internacionais convergem em atitudes semelhantes, que se manifestam em uma maior confiança na medicina tradicional, comportamentos favoráveis de aceitação, convicção em seus efeitos, projeção de melhoria do humor e disposição para continuar com seu uso. Conclusão: As mulheres ficaram satisfeitas com os resultados obtidos com o uso de plantas medicinais, pois elas são benéficas, nativas de sua área e não geram gastos; seu uso frequente foi para aliviar a dor durante a menstruação, infecções vaginais e parto.

Application of meridian and acupoint diagnosis of three yin meridians of foot in the treatment for gynecological diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Categorización de las urgencias gineco-obstétricas en un hospital público de Chile / Categorization of the gyneco-obstetric emergencies in a public hospital in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La red de atención de urgencia es fundamental en la salud de cualquier país. En Chile, los servicios de urgencia periódicamente están saturados por usuarios con patologías de carácter leve; lo mismo ocurre en las atenciones de urgencias gineco-obstétricas (UGO) en los centros de mediana y alta complejidad. OBJETIVO: Describir la categorización de las consultas de urgencias gineco-obstétricas en un hospital público de Chile, atendidas durante el año 2018. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo y transversal que abarcó 3.077 consultas obtenidas de datos estadísticos anonimizados. RESULTADOS: De las UGO, el 58,3% fueron consultas obstétricas, el 36,9% ginecológicas y 4.8% neonatológicas; el 96% fueron consultantes mujeres; el 80,3% eran adultos y el 11,6% adolescentes; el 92,5% eran usuarios pertenecientes a la comuna de Penco; el mes más consultado fue mayo con 292 atenciones y el 71,5% de las consultas fueron atendidas en horario diurno. Los principales motivos de consulta obstétrica y ginecológica fueron el dolor y el sangramiento genital; en las urgencias neonatológicas, la ictericia fue el principal motivo de consulta. El diagnóstico más frecuente en las consultas obstétricas según clasificación CIE _10 fue la supervisión de embarazo normal, en las ginecológicas fue el dolor abdomino-pélvico y en las consultas neonatológicas, la ictericia; del total de consultas UGO un 91,1% fueron resueltas a nivel local. El 0,1% de las UGO fueron categorizadas como c1 y el 0,3% como c2, siendo la gran mayoría, consultas de baja complejidad. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un gran porcentaje de consultas de baja complejidad que sobrecargan el servicio de urgencia, afectando la calidad de la atención del hospital.

INTRODUCTION: the urgent care network is fundamental in the health of any country. In Chile, the emergency services are periodically saturated with users with mild pathologies; the same occurs in gynecological-obstetric emergency care (UGO) in more complex centers. OBJECTIVE: to describe the categorization of gynecological-obstetric emergency consultations in a public hospital in Chile, attended in 2018. METHODOLOGY: descriptive and cross-sectional study; covered 3,077 queries of anonymized statistical data. RESULTS: of the UGO, 58.3% were obstetric consultations, 36.9% gynecological and 4.8% neonatological; 96% were women; 80.3% were adults and 11.6% adolescents; 92.5% were from Penco; the month most consulted was may with 292 visits and 71.5% of the consultations were during daytime hours. The main reasons for obstetric and gynecological consultation were pain and genital bleeding; in neonatal emergencies, jaundice was the main reason for consultation. The most repeated diagnosis in obstetric consultations was the supervision of normal pregnancy; in gynecological cases, it was abdominal-pelvic pain and in neonatological consultations, jaundice; there was 91.1% local resolution. 0.1% of the UGO were categorized as c1 and 0.3% as c2, the vast majority being low complexity queries. CONCLUSIONS: there is a large percentage of low complexity consultations that overload the emergency service, affecting the quality of hospital care.

Autocuidado domiciliar após cirurgias ginecológicas: elaboração e validação de material educativo / Autocuidado domiciliario después de cirugías ginecológicas: elaboración y validación de material educativo / Home self-care after gynecological surgeries: elaboration and validation of educational material

Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar material educativo com orientações para autocuidado domiciliar no pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológicas. Métodos Estudo metodológico, com coleta efetuada em agosto de 2019, em hospital universitário, por meio da seleção de conteúdo, adaptação da linguagem, inclusão de ilustrações, construção de manual piloto, layout e validação do manual piloto por seis juízes especialistas e 11 mulheres em pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológica. Utilizaram-se o formulário semiestruturado Suitability Assessment of Materials e o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, para o grupo de juízes, e o formulário semiestruturado e o Suitability Assessment of Materials, para o público-alvo. Análises foram efetuadas mediante estatística descritiva, cálculo do instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials e do Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo do Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde, além da análise de conteúdo. Resultados A cartilha continha oito páginas com orientações sobre motilidade intestinal, manejo da dor, retorno às atividades da vida diária, mecânica corporal, alimentação, prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso, alívio de náusea/vômito, atividade sexual, cuidados com a ferida operatória, sintomatologia e uso de cinta elástica abdominal. Sua validação foi classificada pela maioria dos juízes e pelo público-alvo como "superior". As sugestões dos juízes foram analisadas e incorporadas à versão final, e o público-alvo considerou o material esclarecedor, acessível e necessário. A diagramação contribuiu com a avaliação superior da cartilha. Conclusão A cartilha educativa mostrou-se um instrumento válido e confiável para ser utilizado na promoção da saúde de mulheres quanto aos cuidados durante o período pós-operatório de cirurgias ginecológicas no ambiente domiciliar.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar material educativo con instrucciones para el autocuidado domiciliario en el posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas. Métodos Estudio metodológico, cuya recopilación se realizó en agosto de 2019 en un hospital universitario, mediante la selección de contenido, adaptación del lenguaje, inclusión de ilustraciones, elaboración de manual piloto, diseño y validación del manual piloto por seis jueces especialistas y 11 mujeres en posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas. Se utilizó el formulario semiestructurado Suitability Assessment of Materials y el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud para el grupo de jueces, y el formulario semiestructurado y el Suitability Assessment of Materials, para el público destinatario. Los análisis fueron realizados mediante estadística descriptiva, cálculo del instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials y del Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido del instrumento de Validación de Contenido Educativo en Salud, además del análisis de contenido. Resultados La cartilla contenía ocho páginas con instrucciones sobre motilidad intestinal, manejo del dolor, retorno a las actividades cotidianas, mecánica corporal, alimentación, prevención de tromboembolismo venoso, alivio de náuseas/vómitos, actividad sexual, cuidados con la herida quirúrgica, sintomatología y uso de faja elástica abdominal. La validación fue clasificada como "superior" por la mayoría de los jueces y por el público destinatario. Las sugerencias de los jueces fueron analizadas e incorporadas en la versión final, y el público destinatario consideró que el material es esclarecedor, accesible y necesario. La maquetación contribuyó con la evaluación superior de la cartilla. Conclusión La cartilla educativa demostró ser un instrumento válido y confiable para utilizarse en la promoción de la salud de mujeres con relación a los cuidados durante el posoperatorio de cirugías ginecológicas en el ambiente domiciliario.

Abstract Objective To build and validate educational material with guidelines for home self-care in the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries. Methods This is a methodological study, collected in August 2019, at a university hospital, through content selection, language adaptation, inclusion of illustrations, building of a pilot manual, layout and validation of a pilot manual by six expert judges and 11 women in the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries. The semi-structured form Suitability Assessment of Materials and the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health were used, for the group of judges, and the semi-structured form and the Suitability Assessment of Materials, for the target audience. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, calculation of the Suitability Assessment of Materials instrument and the Content Validity Coefficient of the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health, in addition to content analysis. Results The booklet contained eight pages with guidelines on intestinal motility, pain management, return to activities of daily living, body mechanics, food, prevention of venous thromboembolism, nausea/vomiting relief, sexual activity, surgical wound care, symptoms and use elastic waistband. Its validation was classified by most judges and by the target audience as "superior". Judges' suggestions were analyzed and incorporated into the final version, and the target audience considered the material to be enlightening, accessible and necessary. The layout contributed to superior assessment of the booklet. Conclusion The educational booklet proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to be used in promoting the health of women regarding care during the postoperative period of gynecological surgeries in the home environment.

Complicaciones en la cirugía ginecológica / Complications in gynecological surgery

Introducción: Los procedimientos quirúrgicos tienen riesgos y complicaciones, que determinan el pronóstico de los pacientes. La tasa de mortalidad de la cirugía ginecológica, es inferior al 1 por ciento, la de complicaciones varía de 0,2 a 26 por ciento. Ambas están determinadas por factores de riesgo como la edad, enfermedad médica preexistente, obesidad, cirugías previas, anemia y cáncer. Objetivo: Determinar las principales complicaciones, su asociación con el diagnóstico preoperatorio, el tipo de operación realizada y la comorbilidad en pacientes intervenidas por afecciones ginecológicas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente por vía convencional y de forma electiva. Se seleccionó una serie de 616 pacientes tributarias de cirugía mayor electiva por vía convencional. Las variables utilizadas fueron la comorbilidad asociada, diagnóstico preoperatorio, operación realizada y complicaciones postquirúrgicas. Resultados: Se produjeron complicaciones postquirúrgicas en 96 pacientes (15,5 por ciento). Las de mayor frecuencia fueron el íleo paralítico (4,2 por ciento de la serie y 26,04 por ciento de las complicaciones) y el absceso de cúpula (2,75 por ciento de la serie y 17,7 por ciento de las complicaciones), fundamentalmente en quienes presentaron antecedentes de obesidad y asociación de factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Las principales complicaciones de la cirugía ginecológica fueron el íleo paralítico y el absceso de la cúpula, las complicaciones se presentaron fundamentalmente en pacientes operadas por mioma uterino y tumor de ovario. De acuerdo con el tipo de operación, ocurrieron en pacientes operadas por histerectomía total abdominal con doble anexectomía y la histerectomía total abdominal sin anexectomía, y las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la obesidad y la asociación de comorbilidad(AU)

Introduction: Surgical procedures have risks and complications, which determine the prognosis of patients. The mortality rate of gynecological surgery is less than 1 percent, that of complications varies from 0.2 to 26 percent. Both are determined by risk factors such as age, pre-existing medical illness, obesity, previous surgeries, anemia, and cancer. Objective: To determine the main complications, their association with the preoperative diagnosis, the type of operation performed and the comorbidity in patients operated on for gynecological conditions. Methods: Descriptive study in patients operated on by conventional and elective route. A series of 616 tributary patients of major elective surgery by conventional route were selected. The variables used were associated comorbidity, preoperative diagnosis, operation performed, and postoperative complications. Results: Post-surgical complications occurred in 96 patients (15.5 percent). The most frequent were paralytic ileus (4.2 percent of the series and 26.04 percent of complications) and dome abscess (2.75 percent of the series and 17.7 percent of complications), mainly in who presented a history of obesity and association of risk factors. Conclusions: The main complications of gynecological surgery were paralytic ileus and abscess of the cupola, complications mainly occurred in patients operated on for uterine myoma and ovarian tumor. According to the type of operation, they occurred in patients operated on for total abdominal hysterectomy with double adnexectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy without adnexectomy, and the most frequent comorbidities were obesity and the association of comorbidity(AU)

Complicaciones quirúrgicas intraoperatorias en laparoscopía ginecológica en el Hospital Padre Hurtado / Intraoperative surgical complications in gynecological laparoscopy at Padre Hurtado Hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente la cirugía laparoscópica es el gold standard de la mayoría de las cirugías ginecológicas benignas. Se estima una tasa de complicaciones en cirugía ginecológica por laparoscopía de 3.2 por 1000 pacientes, donde alrededor del 50% ocurren al momento de la primera entrada. Existen numerosas clasificaciones de las complicaciones quirúrgicas, entre ellas, la clasificación Clavien-Dindo se centra en el tratamiento postquirúrgico y tiene como objetivo unificar criterios y hacerlas comparables entre distintos centros. OBJETIVO: Describir las complicaciones en cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica en el Hospital Padre Hurtado, destacando el subgrupo de primera entrada y su clasificación Clavien-Dindo. METODOLOGÍA: Cohorte retrospectiva que incluyó a todas las pacientes operadas por laparoscopía en el pabellón de ginecología del Hospital Padre Hurtado desde el año 2014 al 2017. Se utilizó el software SPSS statistics v25, con prueba X2 para el análisis de las variables no paramétricas y t de Student para las variables paramétrica, considerando una significación estadística con p<0,05. RESULTADOS: De las 513 cirugías laparoscópicas ginecológicas realizadas en el período evaluado, sólo el 4,3% del total de las pacientes tuvieron complicaciones. De éstas, un 9% fueron de primera entrada, y en todos los casos fueron complicaciones menores o Clavien-Dindo I y II. Hubo 2 complicaciones Clavien-Dindo >III B, lo que correspondió a un 0,39%. CONCLUSIÓN: En nuestro grupo hubo una baja incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y de primera entrada lo que es comparable con otras series publicadas.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery is currently the gold standard of most benign gynecological surgeries. A complication rate in gynecological laparoscopy is 3.2 per 1000 patients, where around 50% occur at the time of the first entry. There are numerous classifications of surgical complications, among them, Clavien-Dindo classification focuses on post-surgical treatment and aims to unify criteria and lets compare between different centers. OBJECTIVE: To describe the complications in gynecological laparoscopic surgery at the Padre Hurtado Hospital, highlighting the first entry subgroup and Clavien-Dindo classification. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective cohort that included all gynecological laparoscopy patients in Padre Hurtado Hospital from 2014 to 2017. The SPSS statistics v25 software was used, with X2 test for the analysis of non-parametric variables and t Student for the parametric variables, considering a statistical significance with p <0.05. RESULTS: 513 gynecological laparoscopic surgeries was performed in the evaluated period, only 4.3% of the total patients had complications. Of these, 9% were first entry, and in all cases were minor complications or Clavien-Dindo I and II. There were 2 patients with Clavien-Dindo complications > III B, which corresponded to 0.39%. CONCLUSION: In our group there was a low incidence of surgical complications and first entry which is comparable with other published series.

Histeroscopía quirúrgica: experiencia, resultados y complicaciones según clasificación Clavien-Dindo / Surgical hysteroscopy: experience, results and complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la experiencia clínica, resultados y complicaciones según Clavien-Dindo de las histeroscopías quirúrgicas realizadas en pabellón. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las histeroscopías quirúrgicas realizadas entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y 1 de enero de 2018 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. RESULTADOS: Hubo 613 histeroscopías quirúrgicas en el período analizado, de las cuales 593 cumplieron con los requisitos para incluirse en este estudio. Las indicaciones para realizar el procedimiento fueron: pólipo endometrial (56,3%), miomas uterinos (22,1%), sangrado uterino anormal (4,3%) y otras (17,7%). Hubo un 89,2% de concordancia entre el diagnóstico intraoperatorio y el estudio histopatológico. Se pesquisaron 11 hiperplasias endometriales sin atipías, 3 con atipías y 10 neoplasias malignas. Cabe destacar que, del total de pólipos resecados, hubo 8 casos (2,5%) con potencial malignidad (atipías o neoplasia maligna). Según la clasificación Clavien Dindo, hubo 22 complicaciones intraoperatorias (3,7%) grado I o II, cuyo diagnóstico fue realizado en el acto quirúrgico. No hubo complicaciones grado III o más (severas, con reintervención). CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de éxito, correlación histeroscópica - anatomopatológica final y complicaciones fue similar a lo publicado en la literatura disponible. El diagnóstico intraoperatorio de la lesión y su reparación en el mismo acto quirúrgico, disminuye el riesgo de morbimortalidad de las pacientes, haciéndolo similar al de una paciente sin complicación. Utilizar la clasificación Clavien Dindo para evaluar las complicaciones nos permitirá en adelante, objetivar, mejorar aspectos del procedimiento quirúrgico y plantear estrategias de prevención y manejo de dichos eventos adversos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the clinical experience, results and complications according to Clavien-Dindo of surgical hysteroscopies performed in the ward. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of surgical hysteroscopies performed between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2018 at the Hospital Clinico of the University of Chile. RESULTS: There were 613 surgical hysteroscopies in the analyzed period of which 593 fulfilled the requirements to be included in this study. The indications to perform the procedure were: endometrial polyp (56.3%), uterine fibroids (22.1%), abnormal uterine bleeding (4.3%) and others (17.7%). There was an 89.2% agreement between the intraoperative diagnosis and the histopathological study. Eleven endometrial hyperplasias without atypia, 3 with atypia and 10 malignant neoplasms were investigated. It should be noted that, of the total of resected polyps, there were 8 cases (2.5%) with potential malignancy (atypia or malignant neoplasm). According to the Clavien Dindo classification, there were 22 intraoperative complications (3.7%) grade I or II, the diagnosis of which was made during surgery. There were no grade III or more complications (severe, with reoperation). CONCLUSION: The success rate, final hysteroscopic-pathological correlation and complications was similar to that published in the available literature. The intraoperative diagnosis of the lesion and its repair in the same surgical act, reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality of the patients, making it similar to that of a patient without complication. Using the Clavien Dindo classification to assess complications will henceforth allow us to objectify, improve aspects of the surgical procedure and propose strategies for the prevention and management of such adverse events.

Colpocleisis: evolution and complications in Quindío women, Colombia, 2009-2019 / Colpocleisis: evolution and complications in Quindío women, Colombia, 2009-2019

Objetivo. Evaluar y describir los resultados posoperatorios de la colpocleisis en una población de mujeres del Quindío. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal. En una población de mujeres mayores de 69 años, con prolapso genital ≥ al grado III, sexualmente inactivas y sin interés por preservar la función sexual coital; se les realizó la colpocleisis de LeFort (entre 2009 y 2019). La investigación se efectuó en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud privada, de nivel III, en la ciudad de Armenia. Las mujeres fueron evaluadas antes del procedimiento, luego en las primeras 2 semanas, a los 6 meses, a los 12 meses y después cada año. Resultados. Se operaron 102 mujeres, 69 (67,64 %) por prolapso grado IV y 33 (32,35 %) grado III. La edad media fue de 75,39 ± 8,46 años, con un IMC de 27,48 ± 7,59. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 45,93 ± 18,63 minutos. La mediana de la hemorragia transquirúrgica fue de 75 mL. El éxito quirúrgico alcanzado fue del 98,03 %. Conclusiones. La colpocleisis de LeFort, como tratamiento del prolapso genital ≥ al grado III, ofrece una tasa de mejoría cercana al 98,03 %, con mínimas complicaciones

Objective. To evaluate and describe the postoperative results of colpocleisis in a population of women from Quindío. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study. In a women population older than 69 years, with genital prolapse ≥grade III, sexually inactive and without interest in preserving coital sexual function; They underwent LeFort colpocleisis (between 2009 and 2019). The research was conducted at a private level III in a health care institution in the city of Armenia. The women were evaluated before the procedure, then in the first 2 weeks, at 6 months, at 12 months, and then every year. Results. 102 women underwent surgery, 69 (67.64%) for grade IV prolapse and 33 (32.35%) grade III. The average age was 75.39 ± 8.46 years (range 69 - 96), with a BMI of 27.48 ± 7.59 (range 18.36 - 42.39). The average surgical time was 45.93 ± 18.63 minutes. The median trans-surgical bleeding was 75 mL. The surgical success achieved was 98.03%. Conclusions. LeFort colpocleisis, as a treatment for genital prolapse ≥ grade III, offers an improvement rate of about 98.03%, with minimal complications.

Quality of life for women with human papillomavirus-induced lesions / Qualidade de vida de mulheres com lesões induzidas pelo papilomavírus humano

Abstract Objective To reveal the changes in the quality of life reported by women with Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory study of a qualitative approach performed from June to August 2016. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews based on five questions on the concept of quality of life were used. The data were submitted to thematic analysis. All ethical aspects have been contemplated. Results A total of 20 women aged between 25 and 59 years old were interviewed. From the analysis of the data, the following thematic units emerged: physical and emotional changes, especially complaints of pruritus, discharge and pain, worry, fear, shame and sadness; changes in sexual and affective relationships with decreased libido, dyspareunia and interruption of sexual activity; changes in social relationships resulting in absenteeism at work. Conclusion Human papillomavirus infection impairs the quality of life of women as it significantly affects sexual, affective, physical, emotional, and everyday habits. Therefore, HPV infection can lead to exponential changes in the quality of life of women, which can be mitigated by the availability of sources of support such as family, friends and the multi-professional team, helping to improve knowledge and cope with HPV.

Resumo Objetivo Desvelar as alterações na qualidade de vida referidas por mulheres com lesões induzidas pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada no período de junho a agosto de 2016. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas face a face, a partir de cinco questões fundamentadas no conceito de qualidade de vida. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise temática. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 20 mulheres com idades entre 25 e 59 anos. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes unidades temáticas: alterações físicas e emocionais com destaque para as queixas de prurido, corrimento e dor, preocupação, medo, vergonha e tristeza; alterações nas relações sexuais e afetivas com diminuição da libido, dispareunia e interrupção da atividade sexual; alterações nas relações sociais com ausências consecutivas no trabalho. Conclusão A infecção pelo HPV prejudica a qualidade de vida das mulheres, uma vez que afeta de maneira considerável os aspectos sexuais, afetivos, físicos, emocionais e hábitos cotidianos. Portanto, a infecção pelo HPV pode acarretar mudanças exponenciais na qualidade de vida de mulheres, as quais podem ser amenizadas pela disponibilidade de fontes de apoio, como família, amigos e equipe multiprofissional, que auxiliam no nível de conhecimento e enfrentamento do HPV.

Burden of genital warts in Colombia: an observational study / Carga das verrugas genitais na Colômbia: um estudo observacional

Introduction: Genital warts are benign lesions caused by sexual transmission of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, with significant impact on healthcare resource use and patients' quality of life. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genital warts in adults visiting a physician office for any reason, physician practice patterns, and healthcare resource use and costs in Colombia. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 53 physicians in 5 specialties: primary care (15), gynecology (24), urology (12), proctology (1), and dermatology (1). Physicians completed a survey and daily log of all patients 18-60 years old seen over 10 days in their practices in 2016-2017. The physician survey recorded genital warts consultation and management patterns. The daily log recorded patient demographic information and genital warts diagnosis. Results: Among 6,393 patients logged by physicians, the genital warts prevalence was 2.03% (95%CI 1.69­2.38) and incidence 1.30% (95%CI 1.02­1.58). Primary care physicians referred most of their genital warts cases for treatment (female: mean 63.3%, SD=44.8; male: mean 58.3%, SD=43.8). Treatment of non-resistant episodes (<6-month duration) lasted an average of 37.4 days (SD=29.4) and required an average of 4.0 (SD=1.9) office visits for females and 3.0 (SD=1.7) for males. The overall mean cost of an episode of care was USD558.13 (SD=507.30). Conclusion: Genital warts cases reported by most participant physicians were mainly direct-consult, but patients were typically treated by specialists. Much of the genital warts health care utilization and costs reported could be prevented by immunization with the quadrivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine.

Introdução: As verrugas genitais são lesões benignas, de transmissão sexual, causadas pelo papilomavírus humano tipos 6 e 11 e que causam impacto significativo no uso de recursos de saúde e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Descrever a epidemiologia das verrugas genitais em adultos que buscaram atendimento médico ambulatorial por qualquer motivo, incluindo padrões de prática médica, uso de recursos de saúde e custos na Colômbia. Métodos: foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência composta por 53 médicos em 5 especialidades: clínico geral (15), ginecologia (24), urologia (12), proctologia (1) e dermatologia (1). Os médicos completaram um questionário e registros diários de todos os pacientes com idade entre 18 e 60 anos atendidos durante 10 dias em seus consultórios em 2016-2017. O questionário registrou os padrões de prática médica e de tratamento de verrugas genitais. Os registros diários continham informações demográficas do paciente e o diagnóstico de verrugas genitais. Resultados: Entre 6.393 atendimentos médicos, a prevalência das verrugas genitais foi de 2,03% (IC95% 1,69­2,38) e a incidência de 1,30% (IC95% 1,02­1,58). Os clínicos gerais encaminharam a maioria dos pacientes com verrugas genitais para tratamento (mulheres: média de 63,3%, DP=44,8; homens: média de 58,3%, DP=43,8). O tratamento dos casos não-persistentes (<6 meses de duração) durou em média 37,4 dias (DP=29,4) e requereu uma média de 4,0 (DP=1,9) consultas para mulheres e 3,0 (DP=1,7) para homens. O custo médio geral do tratamento foi de US$ 558,13 (SD=507,30). Conclusão: Os casos de verrugas genitais relatados pela maioria dos médicos participantes derivaram-se principalmente de atendimentos primários e os pacientes foram tratados geralmente por especialistas. Grande parte da utilização de recursos e custos relacionados a verrugas genitais poderia ser evitada pela imunização com a vacina papilomavírus humano 4-valente ou 9-valente.

Bacteroides Fragilis induces conformational alterations in Trichomonas Vaginalis ultrastructure in an in vitro interaction

Bacteroides genus are commonly found on mucous membranes, including the female genital tract, acting as agents for several site infections. Anaerobic infections are usually polymicrobial and endogenous. Trichomonas vaginalis, the trichomoniasis etiologic agent, is a facultative anaerobic flagellated parasite spread worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between vaginal bacteria and T. vaginalis, as well as to understand factors that may favour the infection of T. vaginalis. We have, therefore, used T. vaginalis trophozoites and the species Bacteroides fragilis, which is considered the most important in its genus, once it is the most commonly isolated bacteria from endogenous infections. The parasite-bacteria interaction was performed in different proportions in periods varying from 1 to 12 hours applying viability tests. The data were analyzed to compare the parasite viability in vitro in the presence and absence of B. fragilis. The results indicate that in the 1:100 proportion postinteraction analysis, ultrastructural alterations were noticeable after 6 hours. After 8 hours, T. vaginalis viability decreased, and after 12 hours of interaction no viable trophozoites were found. These data suggest that the parasite can deal with B. fragilis in short interaction periods. However, in longer interaction periods the trophozoites collapse, indicating that B. fragilis may produce toxic metabolites against T. vaginalis activity.

Conocimiento y creencias sobre infección por clamidia en población joven. Revisión narrativa / Knowledge and beliefs about chlamydia infection in a young population. Narrative review

RESUMEN Introducción: La Chlamydia trachomatis es una de las infecciones de transmisión sexual más comunes en la población menor de 25 años, causante de graves problemas para la salud pública y la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y creencias en la población joven entre 15 y 25 años, en relación a la infección por Clamidia, enmarcado en el contexto chileno e internacional. Métodos: Revisión narrativa que incluye 14 artículos cualitativos y cuantitativos de los últimos 10 años, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: Existe desconocimiento sobre la infección por Clamidia, en cuanto a las características clínicas, el medio de transmisión y las pruebas diagnósticas, lo que genera que la población joven subestime el riesgo percibido y aumente conductas sexuales riesgosas. Por otro lado, se observa que el conocimiento aumenta de forma proporcional a la edad de la población, nivel educacional e historia previa de ITS. Conclusión: El déficit de conocimientos frente a las conductas sexuales de riesgo en la población joven favorece a un aumento en la prevalencia la infección por Clamidia, por lo cual es de suma importancia realizar nuevos estudios con el fin de aportar datos para potenciar programas de salud orientados a la concientización de los jóvenes frente a esta infección para así lograr disminuir la incidencia de esta enfermedad y sus complicaciones.

SUMMARY Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the population under 25 years old, causing serious problems for public health and the people's quality of life. Objective: Describe the knowledge and beliefs in the young population between 15 and 25 years old, related to Chlamydia infection in the Chilean and international context. Methods: Narrative review that includes qualitative and quantitative articles of the last 10 years, published in English and Spanish. Results: There is a lack of knowledge about Chlamydia infection, in the clinical characteristics, the transmission, and in the diagnostic tests, which causes the young population to underestimate the perceived risk and increase risky sexual behaviors. On the other hand, it is observed that knowledge increases proportionally to the population's age, educational level, and previous history of STIs. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about risky sexual behavior in young population increase the prevalence of Chlamydia infection, due to this generates risky behaviors in the population, due to this, it is very important to conduct new studies in order to provide data to promote health programs oriented to raising awareness of young people against this infection and thus achieve to reduce the incidence of this disease and complications.

The role of laparoscopy in the propaedeutics of gynecological diagnosis

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate agreement between pre- and post-laparoscopy gynecological diagnosis in order to demonstrate the rationality of this minimally invasive technique use in gynecological propaedeutics. Methods: Retrospective chart review study conducted between March 2010 and October 2016 based on a convenience sample. 315 patients undergoing surgical laparoscopy at the Center of Gynecologic Endoscopy and Family Planning of Botucatu Medical School/UNESP. Pre- and postoperative diagnoses were compared by the diagnosis agreement test considering the proportions of events. Results: Laparoscopy contributed to diagnosis in 59.6% of infertility cases (P>0.05), in 93.7% of chronic pelvic pain of undetermined origin (P<0.01) and conclusively elucidated the diagnosis of acute abdomen and the ruling out of tubo-ovarian abcess (P<0.05). Laparoscopy also increased the diagnosis of pelvic-abdominal adhesions in 76.7% (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of laparoscopy considerably contributed to diagnostic elucidation, especially in cases of undetermined chronic pelvic pain.

Fatores associados a não realização de exame citopatológico em São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015: estudo transversal de base populacional / Factores asociados a la no realización de examen citopatológico en São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2015: estudio transversal de base poblacional / Factors associated with not having Pap Smears in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2015: a cross-sectional population-based study

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de exame citopatológico não realizado nos últimos três anos e de nunca realizado em mulheres, e analisar fatores associados. Métodos: estudo transversal, com mulheres de 20 a 69 anos de idade, em São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil, em 2015; calcularam-se as razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson. Resultados: entre 919 mulheres, a prevalência de exame atrasado foi 17,8% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%15,4;20,3), e de nunca realizado, 8,1% (IC95%6,3;9,8); na análise ajustada, o aumento na prevalência de exame atrasado mostrou-se associado à classe econômica D/E (RP=2,1 - IC95%1,3;3,5), idade de 20-29 anos (RP=3,2 - IC95%2,1;4,9) e nenhuma consulta realizada (RP=3,0 - IC95%2,1;4,1); nunca ter realizado exame associou-se com classe econômica D/E (RP=2,6 - IC95%1,4;5,0), idade de 20-29 anos (RP=24,1 - IC95%6,4;90,9) e nenhuma consulta (RP=2,9 - IC95%1,7;4,8). Conclusão: a cobertura de exame foi alta e com iniquidade.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de examen en mujeres, no realizado en los últimos tres años y de nunca realizado, y analizar factores asociados. Métodos: estudio transversal con mujeres de 20 a 69 años de edad de São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil, en 2015; se calcularon las razones de prevalencia (RP) por la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: entre 919 mujeres, la prevalencia de examen retrasado fue 17,8% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]15,4;20,3) y de nunca realizado fue del 8,1% (IC95%6,3;9,8); en el análisis ajustado, el aumento en la prevalencia de examen retrasado se asoció con clase económica D/E (RP=2,1 - IC95%1,3;3,5), a edad entre 20-29 años (RP=3,2 - IC95%2,1;4,9) y ninguna consulta (RP=3,0 - IC95%2,1;4,1); nunca haber realizado examen se asoció con clase D/E (RP=2,6 - IC95%1,4;5,0), a 20-29 años de edad (RP=24,1 - IC95%6,4;90,9) y ninguna consulta (RP=2,9 - IC95%1,7;4,8). Conclusión: la cobertura de examen fue alta y con inequidad.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of Pap tests not performed in the last three years and never performed in women and to analyze factors. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with women aged 20 to 69 years living in São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015; prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: among 919 women, prevalence of delayed testing was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]15.4;20.3) and never tested prevalence was 8.1% (95%CI6.3%;9.8%); in the adjusted analysis, the increase in the prevalence of delayed testing was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.1 - 95%CI1.3;3.5), being aged 20-29 years (PR=3.2 - 95%CI2.1;4.9) and not having had a medical appointment (PR=3.0 - 95%CI2.1;4.1); never having tested was associated with economic class D/E (PR=2.6 - 95%CI1.4;5.0), being aged 20-29 years (PR=24.1 - 95%CI6.4;90.9), and not having had a medical appointment (PR=2.9 - 95%CI1.7;4.8). Conclusion: coverage of the test was high but characterized by social inequality.

Therapeutic efficacy of Mirena in gynecologic disease

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was originally developed as a method of contraception and was first marketed in Finland in 1990. In Korea, the only LNG-IUS approved for non-contraceptive use is Mirena, a T-shaped device with a vertical stem containing a reservoir of 52 mg of levonorgestrel, which releases 20 µg of levonorgestrel per day. The device's strong local effects on the endometrium benefit women with gynecological conditions such as heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and endometriosis. There is also evidence to support its role in endometrial protection during postmenopausal estrogen therapy and in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and, possibly, early endometrial cancer. Because of its effectiveness, safety, and high patient satisfaction, the LNG-IUS will continue to provide important benefits in women's reproductive health.